SPAWNING OF BLUEFIN TUNA IN THE BLACK SEA: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS AND POPULATION PLASTICITY.

Spawning of bluefin tuna in the Black Sea: historical evidence, environmental constraints and population plasticity.

The lucrative and highly migratory Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus 1758; Scombridae), used to be distributed widely throughout the north Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.Its migrations have supported sustainable fisheries and impacted local cultures since antiquity, but its biogeographic range has contracted since th

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Anthrax Vaccines in the 21st Century

Vaccination against Bacillus anthracis is the best preventive measure against the development of deadly anthrax disease in the event of exposure to anthrax either as a bioweapon or in its naturally occurring form.Anthrax vaccines, however, have historically been plagued with controversy, particularly related to their safety.Fortunately, recent impr

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